Astigmatism is an eye condition caused by an irregular shape of the cornea or the lens. In a normal eye, the surface of the cornea and lens is evenly curved, allowing light rays to focus on a single p...
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a genetically determined neurological disorder characterized by multiple tics (involuntary, sudden, rapid, and repetitive movements or sounds). Tourette syndrome typically be...
Warts are a common dermatological issue. They are characterized as growths on the skin or mucous membranes caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Although they are usually harmless, w...
Constipation occurs when bowel movements happen fewer than three times per week or when passing stool is difficult and prolonged. This can lead to excessive straining and significantly i...
Muscle cramps are sudden, involuntary contractions of different muscles. These contractions are often painful and can affect various muscle groups. The muscles most commonly affected are those in the ...
Have you been feeling exhausted lately? Do you get out of breath when climbing stairs, even though you are physically fit? If so, it may be due to iron deficiency, especially if you are a woman.
Al...
What Are Heart Palpitations?
Heart palpitations occur when a person feels that their heart is beating unusually—such as skipping a beat, contracting more forcefully, or suddenly racing. In most cas...
The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, just below the center of the throat. It is part of a complex network of glands called the endocrine system, which is res...
Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland can store these hormones for later use and release them when needed. Once released, the hormones travel through the bloodstream to target cells.
As mentioned earl...
Ferritin is a blood protein that stores iron. Think of your body like a kitchen pantry. Most of the pantry is filled with food you use every day, but some items are stored for longer—like an extra box...
Blood circulates throughout the human body, and one of its functions is to supply cells with oxygen. This is carried out by red blood cells, known as erythrocytes, which contain iron that enables oxyg...
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental health condition associated with obsessions, compulsions, or both. People with OCD typically experience obsessions—recurrent, unwanted thoughts—...
Dyslexia is a language-based learning disorder. It is a group of symptoms that cause difficulties with certain language skills, especially reading. Students with dyslexia often also struggle with othe...
“Asperger’s syndrome” was introduced to the world by British psychiatrist Lorna Wing in the 1980s. The term originates from a 1944 study by Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger (recent findings about h...
ADHD stands for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. It is a medical condition. Differences in brain development and brain activity in individuals with ADHD affect attention, the ability to sit s...
Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental illness that causes significant changes in mood, energy, and activity levels. These changes affect a person’s ability to carry out d...
Dementia: Definition, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention
Dementia is a decline in cognitive functions such as thinking, memory, orientation, reasoning, and decision-making that significant...
Anemia occurs when there are not enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to the body’s organs. As a result, it is common to feel cold, tired, or weak. There are many different types of anemia, ...
Down syndrome is a genetic condition in which a person is born with an extra chromosome. Most people have 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell, for a total of 46. A person with Down syndrome has an ex...
Epilepsy is a central nervous system (neurological) disorder in which brain activity becomes abnormal, causing seizures or periods of unusual behavior, sensations, and sometimes loss of awareness. Any...
Multiple sclerosis is the most common neurological disease causing disability in young adults, with symptoms typically appearing between the ages of 20 and 40.
In multiple sclerosis, immune system ...
Migraine is not only a cause of very severe headaches, but also a neurological disorder that can lead to many other symptoms. Although migraines are often characterized by intense, debilitating headac...
Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that affects a person’s thinking, emotions, and behavior. People with schizophrenia may feel as if they have lost touch with reality, which can...
Migraine is a neurological disorder that causes severe headaches. These headaches occur in episodes and may also be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light (photophobia). It is a com...
