What Is Psoriasis?
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin condition characterized by an abnormally rapid turnover of skin cells. As a result, cells accumulate on the skin’s surface, forming scaly plaques, while affected areas become red, inflamed, and sensitive. Typical psoriatic scales are silvery-white and most often appear as thick red patches, which in some cases may crack or bleed.
Under normal conditions, the skin cell renewal cycle takes about a month. In people with psoriasis, however, this process can occur in just a few days. Because of this accelerated growth, skin cells do not have time to shed naturally and instead build up, causing the characteristic signs of psoriasis.
Psoriatic lesions most commonly develop around joints, such as the elbows and knees, but the condition can affect any part of the body, including:
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the hands and feet
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the neck
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the scalp
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the face
Less common forms of psoriasis may involve the nails, the oral mucosa, or the genital area.
According to research, approximately 7.4 million people in the United States live with psoriasis. The condition is often associated with other health issues, such as:
Different Types of Psoriasis
Plaque Psoriasis
Plaque psoriasis is the most common form of the disease. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, about 80% of people with psoriasis have plaque psoriasis. It is characterized by red, inflamed patches covered with silvery-white scales, most often found on the elbows, knees, and scalp.
Guttate Psoriasis
Guttate psoriasis most often occurs in children and young adults. It presents as small, pink, drop-shaped spots, usually appearing on the torso, arms, or legs. These lesions are typically thinner and less raised than those seen in plaque psoriasis.
Pustular Psoriasis
Pustular psoriasis is more common in adults. It causes white, pus-filled blisters surrounded by red, inflamed skin. It most often affects the hands and feet, though in rare cases it can be widespread.
Inverse Psoriasis
Inverse psoriasis appears as smooth, shiny, bright red patches of inflamed skin. These lesions develop in skin folds, such as the armpits, groin, under the breasts, or around the genital area.
Erythrodermic Psoriasis
Erythrodermic psoriasis is a rare and severe form of psoriasis that can cover large areas of the body. The skin may appear sunburned, and scales often peel off in large sheets or layers. This condition can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
Symptoms of Psoriasis
Psoriasis symptoms can vary widely depending on the type of psoriasis and an individual’s response. Affected areas may be small and localized or involve extensive portions of the body.
Common symptoms include:
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discolored, inflamed patches of skin
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silvery-white or grayish scales
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dry skin that may crack and bleed
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itching or a burning sensation
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thickened or pitted nails
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painful, swollen joints
Many people experience cycles of flare-ups and remissions, during which symptoms worsen, improve, and may temporarily disappear before returning.
Is Psoriasis Contagious?
Psoriasis is not contagious. It cannot be transmitted from one person to another through physical contact. Dispelling this common myth is important for reducing stigma and misunderstanding.
What Causes Psoriasis?
Psoriasis develops due to a combination of immune system dysfunction and genetic predisposition. In this condition, T lymphocytes (a type of immune cell) mistakenly attack healthy skin cells, triggering excessive cell production and inflammation.
Genetics also play a significant role. If psoriasis runs in the family, the likelihood of developing the condition is higher.
Triggers That Can Worsen Psoriasis
Common triggers that may provoke or worsen psoriasis flare-ups include:
Treatment Options for Psoriasis
Although psoriasis cannot be cured, its symptoms can be effectively managed. Treatment aims to reduce inflammation, slow down skin cell growth, and relieve discomfort.
Topical Treatments
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corticosteroids
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vitamin D analogues
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salicylic acid
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moisturizing creams
Systemic and Biologic Medications
These are used for moderate to severe psoriasis when topical treatments are no longer effective.
Living With Psoriasis
Nutrition
A healthy, anti-inflammatory diet may help ease symptoms. Emphasis is placed on omega-3 fatty acids, whole grains, vegetables, and minimizing highly processed foods.
Stress Management
Practices such as meditation, breathing exercises, yoga, or journaling can help reduce flare-ups by lowering stress levels.
Emotional Well-Being
Psoriasis can affect self-esteem and emotional health. Seeking psychological support or connecting with a supportive community can be an important part of living well with the condition.
