Rotavirus is one of the most common causes of acute gastrointestinal infections, characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. People of all ages can become infected, but children under 5 years of age are at the highest risk. Rotavirus is highly resistant to environmental factors and can survive on surfaces for several days, which allows it to spread easily within communities.
The infection is most commonly transmitted via the fecal–oral route—through contaminated food or water, unwashed hands, or direct contact with an infected person. Due to its high prevalence and the potential for severe complications, rotavirus is considered a significant public health concern.
Prevalence of rotavirus and causes of infection
Rotavirus is the leading cause of diarrhea in children worldwide. It is estimated to account for a substantial proportion of hospitalizations for acute diarrhea in children under five, particularly in developing countries.
The main routes of infection include:
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direct contact with an infected person;
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contaminated food or water;
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shared surfaces, toys, or household items.
The virus is highly resilient—it can survive on hard surfaces for up to 7 days and on hands for several hours. Infection occurs more frequently during the colder months, but cases can appear at any time of the year.
How does rotavirus infection manifest?
Symptoms of rotavirus infection usually appear suddenly, after an incubation period of 1–3 days. The most common signs include:
The greatest risk is dehydration, especially in infants and young children. Signs of dehydration may include dry lips, reduced urination, drowsiness, or irritability.
Rotavirus in adults
Although rotavirus is most often associated with children, adults can also become infected. In adults, the infection usually presents in a milder form or may even be asymptomatic, but the virus can still be transmitted to others.
Higher risk groups include:
Diagnosis of rotavirus infection
Rotavirus infection is most commonly diagnosed through stool tests. Diagnostic methods include:
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antigen detection tests (rapid and widely used);
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detection of viral RNA (RT-PCR), which offers high accuracy.
Clinical symptoms and the course of the illness are also considered during diagnosis.
Treatment of rotavirus infection
There are no specific antiviral medications for rotavirus, so treatment is symptomatic. The primary goal is to restore fluid and electrolyte balance.
Common treatment measures include:
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oral rehydration therapy (special rehydration solutions);
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intravenous fluid therapy in severe cases;
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fever-reducing medications when needed.
Diet should not be completely restricted—maintaining adequate energy and nutrient intake is important for recovery.
How can rotavirus infection be prevented?
Prevention of rotavirus infection includes several key measures:
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frequent and thorough handwashing;
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consumption of safe food and water;
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proper hygiene of surfaces and objects;
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vaccination of infants, which is one of the most effective preventive measures.
Supporting overall immune health is also important. Products such as OMNIVAL IMMUN may be used as part of a balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle to help support normal immune system function.
