Acne – a common but manageable skin condition
Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that presents with pimples, blemishes, blackheads, cysts, or nodules. It most commonly affects the face, neck, shoulders, back, chest, and upper arms. Acne is one of the most widespread skin conditions worldwide—up to 50 million people in the United States alone are affected each year.
Although acne most often begins during puberty, when the sebaceous glands become more active, it can occur at any age. This condition is not life-threatening; however, if left untreated or improperly managed, it can result in scars or pigmentation marks that may affect not only the appearance of the skin but also emotional well-being.
Sebaceous glands produce oil (sebum), and their activity is stimulated by androgens—male hormones present in both men and women. Hormonal fluctuations increase sebum production, creating favorable conditions for clogged pores and inflammation.
Statistics show that as many as 85% of people aged 12 to 24 experience acne at least once in their lives.
Key facts about acne
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Acne is a skin condition directly related to sebaceous glands located in hair follicles
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It affects 3 out of 4 people between the ages of 11 and 30
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It is not dangerous but may cause long-term skin damage
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Treatment choices depend on the severity, duration, and skin type
Risk factors include genetic predisposition, menstrual cycle changes, stress and anxiety, hot and humid climates, the use of oily cosmetics, and improper squeezing of pimples.
Causes of acne
Skin pores connect to sebaceous glands through hair follicles. These glands produce sebum, which helps protect the skin. When pores become clogged with dead skin cells, oil, and hair, a plug forms. This environment promotes bacterial growth, and inflammation leads to the formation of acne lesions.
A significant role is played by the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). Research shows that acne severity depends on specific bacterial strains—not all of them cause inflammation, and some even help maintain skin balance.
Hormonal and other contributing factors
The primary factor in acne development is considered to be elevated androgen levels, especially during adolescence. Hormonal changes cause sebaceous glands to enlarge and produce more sebum, which can damage pore walls and encourage bacterial growth.
Additional factors include:
Home care and daily skincare routine
Not all home remedies for acne are supported by science, but some may be helpful as complementary skincare measures.
Diet
Scientific data suggest that diets rich in vitamins A and E and zinc may be associated with a lower risk of severe acne. A low-glycemic-index diet has also been observed to help reduce acne severity in some individuals.
Moisturizing
Moisturizers are particularly important, especially when using active acne treatments. Products containing aloe vera or witch hazel may have soothing and anti-inflammatory effects.
For daily cleansing and skin comfort, products formulated for sensitive and problem-prone skin may be beneficial, such as:
These products help maintain the skin barrier without disrupting its natural balance.
Acne treatment options
Mild acne
Most often treated with over-the-counter products such as gels, lotions, creams, or cleansers. Active ingredients may include:
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benzoyl peroxide
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salicylic acid
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sulfur
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azelaic acid
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topical retinoids
It is recommended to start with lower concentrations and monitor the skin’s response.
Moderate to severe acne
Managed under the supervision of a dermatologist. Treatment may include topical or oral antibiotics, hormonal therapy, or stronger retinoids.
Isotretinoin is a powerful medication used for severe cystic acne and is prescribed only under strict medical supervision due to potential side effects.
Types of acne lesions
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Whiteheads
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Blackheads
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Papules
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Pustules
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Nodules
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Cysts
The deeper and more painful the lesion, the higher the risk of scarring.
Prevention and skincare tips
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Wash your face no more than twice a day
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Avoid squeezing pimples
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Use non-comedogenic cosmetics
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Regularly clean makeup tools, glasses, and phones
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Choose loose-fitting clothing
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Avoid excessive stress and lack of sleep
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Protect your skin from excessive sun exposure
Summary
Acne is a very common skin condition, but with proper daily care, patience, and professional support when needed, it can be successfully managed. It is important not only to treat visible symptoms but also to support the skin barrier using gentle, dermatologically tested products.
