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Health


Gastritis and how to recognize it
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Gastritis is a term describing inflammation of the digestive tract's mucous membrane, most commonly localized in the stomach. Gastritis can arise due to various reasons and manifest in different symptoms. The main causes of gastritis include the Helicobacter pylori bacteria, whose infection in the stomach causes an inflammatory reaction, as well as the long-term use of certain drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which can irritate or even damage the stomach lining. Additionally, gastritis can be caused by alcohol consumption, smoking, regular stress, autoimmune diseases where the body's immune system attacks the stomach lining, or the impact of certain chemicals, such as acids or alkalis.

What is the difference between gout and other forms of arthritis?
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Gout is a chronic inflammatory form of arthritis caused by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood, known as hyperuricemia. Gout is a metabolic disorder where the body accumulates too much uric acid, and its crystals deposit in joints and other tissues. Uric acid is a breakdown product of purines – organic compounds found in certain food products and body cells. A healthy body eliminates uric acid through the kidneys with urine. However, when the production of uric acid exceeds its removal from the body, or when the kidneys do not efficiently remove uric acid, gout can develop.

How does liver cirrhosis affect overall health?
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Liver cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease caused by long-term damage to liver tissue. Liver cirrhosis develops for various reasons, including prolonged alcohol consumption, viral hepatitis B and C infections, autoimmune liver damage, genetic disorders such as hemochromatosis and Wilson's disease, and toxic damage (e.g., caused by medications). The essence of liver cirrhosis is a gradually progressing fibrosis process, in which normal liver tissue is replaced by connective tissue (fibrosis) scars. This disrupts the normal structure and functions of the liver as the liver cells (hepatocytes) die and are replaced by ineffective scar tissue.

Rheumatoid arthritis and its key risk factors
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory joint disease characterized by joint inflammation and pain, sometimes extending beyond to other tissues of the body. The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis is still not completely clear, but it is believed to be a disorder of the immune system in which the body starts attacking its own joints, causing inflammation, pain, swelling, and sometimes joint deformity.

How to protect yourself from hepatitis B virus?
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Hepatitis B is a serious infectious liver disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is one of the five main types of hepatitis (A, B, C, D, and E) and is particularly important due to its ability to cause chronic infection and related complications, including liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer). A characteristic of hepatitis B is that it can manifest both in acute and chronic forms, and the course and consequences of the infection vary greatly from person to person.

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